A Detailed Analysis on Hydrodynamic Response of a Highly Stratified Lake to Spatio-Temporally Varying Wind Field

Wind is generally considered an important factor driving the transport and mixing processes in stratified enclosed systems such as lakes and reservoirs. Lake Abashiri is one of the instances of such a system. For these systems, typically, the temporally unsteady but spatially uniform nature of wind has been assumed for simplicity. However, the spatial non-uniformity of wind could significantly alter compound hydrodynamic responses. In this study, such responses were investigated under the continuous imposition of different inhomogeneous wind conditions by applying numerical models and integrated analysis. The resultant tracer transport in both uniform and non-uniform wind cases was insignificant for the total study period of 9 days. However, under the short interval of T-i, where T-i is the internal fundamental period, different behaviors of both surface particle transport and the internal wave field were identified. Particularly, surface mass transport responses to higher spatial wind variance were obviously different from those in the uniform case. In addition, internal wave spectra under strong wind magnitude, which has low spatial variances, became identical to that of uniform wind; however, there were some discrepancies in the non-uniform case in the wave spectra under the influence of weak-to-moderate wind of high spatial variances. The results could provide an in-depth understanding of the lake's hydrodynamic response to inhomogeneous wind which could improve water management in lakes and reservoirs.