Evaluation of inherent properties of the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for potential application in tissue engineering focusing on bone regeneration

Biomaterials are essential in medicine because these biological macromolecules have appropriately replaced classical tissue grafting techniques for their valuable features. Bone tissue engineering has persistently developed since "tissue engineering" was suggested. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is the first FDA-approved water-soluble derivative of cellulose that could be targeted for desired bone tissue graft. Numerous studies on CMC as a component created for bone tissue have recently been published. Because of its carboxylate groups, CMC is hydrophilic. CMC can crosslink with varied materials, such as synthetic and natural polymers, enabling innovative bone structure biomaterials. These carboxylate groups are responsible for in situ gelations and bio-adhesion characteristics. In this review, the current progress and inherent characteristics of CMC-based bone scaffold materials are discussed.