An improved quantum watermarking using quantum Haar wavelet transform and Qsobel edge detection

An enhanced quantum watermarking technique is developed by integrating the quantum Haar wavelet transform (QHWT) with Qsobel edge detection to increase the invisibility and resilience of the quantum watermarking process. In this study, QHWT is used to decompose the quantum image, and image decomposition is used to obtain the diagonal subbands of the carrier image. Sobel edge detection is then conducted on the corner subband to locate the optimal embedding site. Lastly, the watermark picture is put into the discovered optimum embedding place. Since all of the quantum processes utilized are reversible, we can recover the watermark picture using the inverse transform of the watermark embedding technique. To complete the simulation experiments, we utilize the open-source software development kit Qiskit to execute the quantum watermarking embedding and extraction method with the simulator on a local computer. We analyze method invisibility using histogram analysis and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), with PSNR values of roughly 58 dB for our researched watermarking technique. In contrast, we test method resilience using the Bit Error Rate (BER), and all BER values are less than 0.018. According to simulation findings, the watermarked picture produced by the watermarking technique is more imperceptible and resilient than earlier approaches.