IoT-based smart agriculture: an exhaustive study

Despite what some may believe, the agriculture industry is really more accurate, data-driven, and intelligent than ever before in today's modern farming business. In practically each business, particularly "smart agriculture," the fast development of Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based technology has led to a redesign that has switched from statistical to numerical techniques. Such radical developments are upending traditional agricultural practises and opening up new possibilities alongside a number of difficulties. This article discusses the promise of wireless sensor nodes and the Internet of Things (IoT) in agricultural in addition to the difficulties that will inevitably arise when combining this technology with conventional agricultural methods. In-depth analysis is done on IoT devices and communications methods related to wireless sensors used in agricultural applications. There is a list of the sensors that are suitable for various agricultural applications, such as land preparation, crop condition, watering, and pest and insect detection. It is stated how well this technology assists farmers in all crop-related processes, including planting, growing, harvesting, packing, and transportation. This article also takes into account the usage of unmanned drones for agricultural monitoring as well as other advantageous purposes like increasing crop output. Modern IoT-based technologies and architectures utilised in farming also are emphasised where appropriate. We conclude by highlighting future research difficulties and identifying existing and future IoT in agricultural developments based on our in-depth assessment.