Analysis of Poincare plot derived from 5-min electrocardiography in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

BackgroundEvaluation of heart rate variability (HRV) is used for risk assessment in a variety of cardiac diseases including myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD).ObjectivesTo compare the geometric analysis of HRV using visual patterns of Poincare plot among different classes of MMVD in dogs and to analyse the differences in beat-to-beat variability using tachograms and sequential Poincare plots among different shapes.Animals and methodsHealthy and MMVD dogs were retrospectively reviewed. Five-minute ECG data was used to create Poincare plots and shapes were compared among groups. Furthermore, a sub-analysis of 50 consecutive R-R intervals was performed. Pearson Chi-square with adjusted standardized residuals was used to compare the categorical data between groups.ResultsFifteen healthy dogs and 157 dogs with MMVD were included in the study. Normal and B1 groups showed a predominance of triangular shape (73% and 60% respectively; p<0.05). In B2 group the predominant shape was comet (40%; p<0.05) while comet and torpedo were predominant in Ca group (41% and 36% respectively; p<0.05). Visual geometric analysis revealed a lower dispersion of the cloud clustering towards the left lower corner of the plot with MMVD progression. Diamond and triangle revealed a lower mean heart rate compared to comet and torpedo shapes (p<0.01). Interclass correlation between 3 observers was 0.906 (95% CI of 0.8-0.96).ConclusionsPoincare plot shape changes with MMVD progression suggesting that geometrical analysis of HRV in dogs with cardiac conditions could be a useful tool in the risk assessment and further studies are warranted.