Multiflavor Mott insulators in quantum materials and ultracold atoms

被引:8
作者
Chen, Gang V. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Wu, Congjun [5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ]
机构
[1] Peking Univ, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Hong Kong, UCAS Joint Inst Theoret & Computat Phys Hong Kong, HKU, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[4] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
[5] Westlake Univ, Sch Sci, New Cornerstone Sci Lab, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
[6] Westlake Univ, Inst Theoret Sci, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
[7] Westlake Univ, Sch Sci, Key Lab Quantum Mat Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
[8] Inst Nat Sci, Westlake Inst Adv Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
LUTTINGER SEMIMETAL; ORBITAL PHYSICS; SPIN; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; ORDER; MODEL; STATE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SYMMETRY;
D O I
10.1038/s41535-023-00614-2
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
Mott insulators with large and active (or multiflavor) local Hilbert spaces widely occur in quantum materials and ultracold atomic systems, and are dubbed "multiflavor Mott insulators". For these multiflavor Mott insulators, the spin-only description with the quadratic spin interactions is often insufficient to capture the major physical processes. In the situation with active orbitals, the Kugel-Khomskii superexchange model was then proposed. We briefly review this historical model and discuss the modern developments beyond the original spin-orbital context. These include and are not restricted to the 4d/5d transition metal compounds with the spin-orbit-entangled J = 3/2 quadruplets, the rare-earth magnets with two weakly-separated crystal field doublets, breathing magnets and/or the cluster and molecular magnets, et al. We explain the microscopic origin of the emergent Kugel-Khomskii physics in each realization with some emphasis on the J = 3/2 quadruplets, and refer the candidate multiflavor Mott insulators as "J = 3/2 Mott insulators". For the ultracold atoms, we review the multiflavor Mott insulator realization with the ultracold alkaline and alkaline-earth atoms on the optical lattices. Despite a large local Hilbert space from the atomic hyperfine spin states, the system could naturally realize a large symmetry group such as the Sp(N) and SU(N) symmetries. These ultracold atomic systems lie in the large-N regime of these symmetry groups and are characterized by strong quantum fluctuations. The Kugel-Khomskii physics and the exotic quantum ground states with the "baryon-like" physics can appear in various limits. We conclude with our vision and outlook on this subject.
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页数:18
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