Housing as asset and payment: Construction, speculation, and financialization at the European periphery

被引:1
|
作者
Musaraj, Smoki [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Ohio Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Athens, OH USA
[2] Ohio Univ, Anthropol, 162 Bentley Annex, Athens, OH 45701 USA
关键词
Europe; financialization; housing; neoliberalism; payment; ARCHITECTURE; CREDIT; LIMITS; HOME;
D O I
10.1111/aman.13913
中图分类号
Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
030303 ;
摘要
Construction booms have dominated Albania's economy and politics since the late 1990s. These booms continued even during times of illiquidity. One of the sources of financing construction in Albania is the practice of klering (in-kind payments). In this practice, developers pay subcontractors in (future) apartments in exchange for materials and labor. I argue that, in klering transactions, housing serves as an asset and a means of payment. The practice of klering emerged at the interface of postcommunist transformations, neoliberal reforms, and the fetishization of housing as an asset of more durable and multifaceted economic and cultural value. While grounded in the local histories and values of housing, klering is made possible by a fuzzy property regime, systemic corruption, and widespread informality. At the same time, klering echoes other global patterns pertaining to housing, such as the rise of asset economy, financialization, and money laundering through real estate purchases. The klering economy echoes speculative logics and practices that are prevalent across and that link centers and peripheries, formal and informal markets. These economic logics generate uncertainty and ambiguity; they mobilize social networks and cultural imaginaries; and they thrive on and further reproduce deep social and economic inequalities. Las bonanzas de la construccion han dominado la economia y la politica de Albania desde finales de los 1990s. Estas bonanzas continuaron aun durante tiempos de iliquidez. Una de las fuentes de financiacion de la construccion en Albania es la practica de klering (pagos en especie). En esta practica, los constructores les pagan a los subcontratistas en apartamentos (futuros) a cambio de materiales y trabajo. Argumento que, en transacciones klering, la vivienda sirve como un activo y como un medio de pago. La practica de klering emergio en la interfase de las transformaciones poscomunistas, las reformas neoliberales y la fetichizacion de la vivienda como un activo de mas durable y multifacetico valor economico y cultural. Mientras sustentada en las historias locales y los valores de la vivienda, klering es hecho posible por un regimen de propiedad confuso, una corrupcion sistematica y una informalidad generalizada. Al mismo tiempo, klering repite otros patrones globales pertenecientes a la vivienda, tales como el incremento de la economia de activos, la financializacion y el lavado de dinero a traves de las compras de bienes raices. La economia klering hace eco de las logicas especulativas y practicas que son prevalentes a lo largo y que vinculan centros y periferias, mercados formales e informales. Estas logicas economicas privilegian incertidumbre y ambiguedad; movilizan redes sociales e imaginarios culturales; y progresan y reproducen aun mas profundas desigualdades sociales y economicas. [vivienda, neoliberalismo, financializacion, pago, Europa]
引用
收藏
页码:865 / 879
页数:15
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