Gray Matter Volume as Evidence for Cognitive Reserve in Bilinguals With Mild Cognitive Impairment

被引:6
作者
Calvo, Noelia [1 ]
Anderson, John A. E. [2 ]
Berkes, Matthias [1 ]
Freedman, Morris [3 ,4 ,5 ]
Craik, Fergus I. M. [3 ]
Bialystok, Ellen [1 ,3 ,6 ]
机构
[1] York Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[2] Carleton Univ, Dept Cognit Sci & Psychol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Rotman Res Inst Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
[4] Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
[5] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
[6] York Univ, Dept Psychol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
mild cognitive impairment; bilingualism; cognitive reserve; deep learning; voxel-based morphometry; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BRAIN ATROPHY; ONSET; DIAGNOSIS; AGE; DEMENTIA; PATTERNS; MEMORY; MCI;
D O I
10.1097/WAD.0000000000000549
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Background: Compared with monolinguals, bilinguals have a later onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease symptoms and greater neuropathology at similar cognitive and clinical levels. The present study follows a previous report showing the faster conversion from MCI to Alzheimer disease for bilingual patients than comparable monolinguals, as predicted by a cognitive reserve (CR). Purpose: Identify whether the increased CR found for bilinguals in the previous study was accompanied by greater gray matter (GM) atrophy than was present for the monolinguals. Methods: A novel deep-learning technique based on convolutional neural networks was used to enhance clinical scans into 1 mm MPRAGEs and analyze the GM volume at the time of MCI diagnosis in the earlier study. Patients: Twenty-four bilingual and 24 monolingual patients were diagnosed with MCI at a hospital memory clinic. Results: Bilingual patients had more GM loss than monolingual patients in areas related to language processing, attention, decision-making, motor function, and episodic memory retrieval. Bilingualism and age were the strongest predictors of atrophy after other variables such as immigration and education were included in a multivariate model. Discussion: CR from bilingualism is evident in the initial stages of neurodegeneration after MCI has been diagnosed.
引用
收藏
页码:7 / 12
页数:6
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