Nonlinear Photodetector Based on InSe p-n Homojunction for Improving Spatial Imaging Resolution

An efficient nonlinear photodetector (NLPD) is demonstrated with quadratic response based on a few-layer InSe p-n homojunction, which is beneficial from the strong second harmonic generation (SHG) process in InSe and effective harvest of photocarriers actuated by the high-quality homojunction. The NLPD can sense light with photon energy smaller than InSe's electronic bandgap because the SHG process in InSe doubles the frequency of incident light, extending InSe's photodetection wavelength range to 1750 nm. The InSe p-n homojunction, which is electrostatically doped by two split back gates, presents a rectification ratio exceeding 106 with a dark current down to 2 pA and a high normalized responsivity of 0.534 A W-2 for the telecom-band pulsed light at 1550 nm. The photocurrents of the SHG-assisted photodetection have a quadratic dependence on the optical powers, making the NLPD highly sensitive to light intensity variation with improved spatial resolution. As examples, the NLPD is employed to precisely determine the localization point of a focused laser beam waist and implement spatial imaging with an improved resolution compared with the linear photodetector. These features highlight the potential of the proposed NLPD in developing advanced optical sensing and imaging systems. The nonlinear photodetector based on InSe p-n homojunction, leveraging the strong second harmonic generation process in InSe, achieves efficient nonlinear photoelectric conversion, and exhibits an 0.534 A W-2 responsivity at 1550 nm with a quadratic dependence on the optical powers (i.e., Iph proportional to Plaser2). This enables an enhanced localization of beam waist and improved imaging resolution over linear photoelectric conversion. image