Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Aldo-Keto Reductase Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Emerging Roles in Diabetic Retinopathy

被引:8
作者
Karan, Burak Mugdat [1 ]
Little, Karis [1 ]
Augustine, Josy [1 ]
Stitt, Alan W. [1 ]
Curtis, Tim M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Queens Univ Belfast, Wellcome Wolfson Inst Expt Med, Belfast BT7 1NN, North Ireland
关键词
diabetic retinopathy; oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation; aldehyde dehydrogenase; aldo-keto reductase; LIPOXIDATION END-PRODUCTS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REACTIVE OXYGEN; ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS; POTENTIAL ROLE; GROWTH-FACTOR; FATTY-ACIDS; RAT RETINA; ACROLEIN;
D O I
10.3390/antiox12071466
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to vision loss and blindness. It is driven by various biochemical processes and molecular mechanisms, including lipid peroxidation and disrupted aldehyde metabolism, which contributes to retinal tissue damage and the progression of the disease. The elimination and processing of aldehydes in the retina rely on the crucial role played by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and aldo-keto reductase (AKR) enzymes. This review article investigates the impact of oxidative stress, lipid-derived aldehydes, and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) on the advancement of DR. It also provides an overview of the ALDH and AKR enzymes expressed in the retina, emphasizing their growing importance in DR. Understanding the relationship between aldehyde metabolism and DR could guide innovative therapeutic strategies to protect the retina and preserve vision in diabetic patients. This review, therefore, also explores various approaches, such as gene therapy and pharmacological compounds that have the potential to augment the expression and activity of ALDH and AKR enzymes, underscoring their potential as effective treatment options for DR.
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页数:21
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