Sol-gel route synthesis of high energy density Li [Li0.2Ni0.3Mn0.7] O2 cathode with controlled structure, morphology and enhanced electrochemical performance

The desire for long driving range and low cost of electric vehicles necessitates the use of superior rechargeable lithium batteries. These batteries with enhanced energy density addresses the demand for cutting-edge cathode materials which can deliver amplified voltage and capacity. Lithium-rich manganese is one among such promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. In this work, three different organic acids, including oxalic (OX), tartaric (TA) and ascorbic (AS) acids were used to synthesis Li [Li0.2Ni0.3Mn0.7] O-2 (LNMO) materials with three unique microstructures. Physicochemical and electrochemical characterization techniques were used to investigate a range of properties. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated regulated morphology-enhanced electronic conductivity, increased energy density and prolonged cycle behavior. Among the three samples, AS-LNMO unveiled a capacity of 308.02 mhAg(-1) nearing the value of theoretical capacity. Whereas, TA-LNMO exhibited a remarkable stability even after 200 cycles with capacity retention of 99.3%. With specific discharge capacities of 308.02, 278, 252, 228 and 212 mAhg(-1) at 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C and 2C respectively, AS-LNMO exhibited superior rate capability. Collectively, this research offers valuable insights in using complexing agents which positively impacts the morphology and electrochemical performance of LNMOs in upcoming lithiumion batteries.