Sahlqvist correspondence theory for second-order propositional modal logic

Modal logic with propositional quantifiers (i.e. second-order propositional modal logic (SOPML)) has been considered since the early time of modal logic. Its expressive power and complexity are high, and its van Benthem-Rosen theorem and Goldblatt-Thomason theorem have been proved by ten Cate (2006, J Philos. Logic, 35, 209-223). However, the Sahlqvist theory of SOPML has not been considered in the literature. In the present paper, we fill in this gap. We develop the Sahlqvist correspondence theory for SO PM L, which covers and properly extends existing Sahlqvist formulas in basic modal logic. We define the class of Sahlqvist formulas for SOMPL step by step in a hierarchical way, each formula of which is shown to have a first-order correspondent over Kripke frames effectively computable by an algorithm ALBA(SOMPL). In addition, we show that certain Pi(2)-rules correspond to Pi(2)-Sahlqvist formulas in SOMPL, which further correspond to first-order conditions, and that even for very simple SOMPL Sahlqvist formulas, they could already be non-canonical.