Biochemical Platelet Markers of Cognitive Impairments in Alzheimer's Disease

An increase in the prevalence of different cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), determines the relevance of the search for methods for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, various peripheral biomarkers are actively studied for their later measurements by standardized methods available in real clinical practice. Due to the development of the hypothesis about the similarity of biochemical and physiological processes in platelets and neurons, increasing attention is paid to studying the possibility of using different structural and functional platelet parameters as biomarkers for different neurological diseases. This review discusses the main characteristics of platelets in the development of cognitive impairment; the peripheral aspects of amyloidogenesis and tau protein formation, changes in the synthesis and metabolism of active substances, and deregulation of microRNA, as well as the dysfunction of enzymes and proteins, were analyzed, which can be used to develop diagnostic tests for early detection of AD.