Capillary water absorption values estimation of building stones by ensembled and hybrid SVR models

The absorption of capillary water is one of the most crucial factors in the flow of groundwater in rocks (CWA ). Although meticulous experimental studies are needed to determine a rocks CWA , predictive techniques might cut down on the expense and effort. There are various data mining methods for this purpose, but the considered algorithms in this study were not proposed so far for predicting the CWA. Different rock samples were taken for this purpose from various locations, yielding diverse rocks. For the prediction procedures, four support vector regression (SVR ) models were created: a traditional SVR , two ensembled models, and a hybrid SVR model using the whale optimization technique (WOA - SVR ). Results show that all models have acceptable performance in predicting the CWA with R-2 larger than 0.797 and 0.806 for the training and testing data, respectively, representing the acceptable correlation between observed and predicted values. Regarding developed models, the conventional SVR model has the worst performance of all models. All statistical evaluation criteria were improved by assembling models, which present the ability of additive regression and bagging predictions in improving prediction processes. The hybrid WOA - SVR model has the best performance considering all indices. This hybrid model could also gain the lowest values of error indices between all SVR models, which leads to outperforming the WOA - SVR model compared to other methods.