SSA-optimized cascade optimal-PIDN controller for multi-area power system with RFB under deregulated environment

In today's rapidly evolving interconnected electric power system network, ancillary service such as automatic generation control (AGC) plays a critical and important role in safeguarding the system's power supply quality by establishing an equilibrium between generation and load demanded plus losses. A power system with a robust and smart AGC strategy is obligatory for better power quality and system security. Cascade control schemes cope up better with nonlinearity by tuning the gain of controller of power system amid continuous load changing. Therefore, in this article, a supplementary control approach that is, cascade optimal controller-proportional integral with derivative filter (COC-PIDN) is suggested for AGC performance advancement of the power systems under deregulated environment. The OC designed consuming full state feedback control approach acts as master controller and PIDN plays the role of slave controller. The nature inspired salp swarm algorithm is employed to adjust the PIDN parameters. Initially, the efficacy of the COC-PIDN control-method is explored on a two-area restructured reheat thermal system and then to validate its excellence and extensibility, the study is protracted to restructured two-area thermal-hydro system. Extensive analysis of the findings establishes that the dynamic performance of the COC-PIDN controller is more valuable than the OC and COC-PID approaches. The results of COC-PIDN get further improved in presence of redox flow battery. Finally, the sensitivity analysis as well the acquired results with the COC-PIDN controller with system nonlinearities demonstrate its robustness.