Optimal Location and Sizing of Photovoltaic-Based Distributed Generations to Improve the Efficiency and Symmetry of a Distribution Network by Handling Random Constraints of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Distributed generators (DGs) are increasingly employed in radial distribution systems owing to their ability to reduce electrical energy losses, better voltage levels, and increased dependability of the power supply. This research paper deals with the utilization of a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm by handling its random constraints to determine the most appropriate size and location of photovoltaic-based DG (PVDG) to keep the asymmetries of the phases minimal in the grid. It is thus expected that this algorithm will provide an efficient and consistent solution to improve the overall performance of the power system. The placement and sizing of the DG are done in a way that minimizes power losses, enhances the voltage profile, i.e., bringing symmetry in the voltage profile of the system, and provides maximum cost savings. The model has been tested on an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system using MATLAB software, in both conditions, i.e., with and without PVDG. The simulation results were successful, indicating the viability of the proposed model. The proposed PSO-based PVDG model further reduced active power losses as compared to the models based on the teaching-learning artificial bee colony algorithm (TLABC), pathfinder algorithm (PFA), and ant lion optimization algorithm (ALOA). With the proposed model, active power losses have reduced to 17.50%, 17.48%, and 8.82% compared to the losses found in the case of TLABC, PFA, and ALOA, respectively. Similarly, the proposed solution lessens the reactive power losses compared to the losses found through existing TLABC, PFA, and ALOA techniques by an extent of 23.06%, 23%, and 23.08%, respectively. Moreover, this work shows cost saving of 15.21% and 6.70% more than TLABC and ALOA, respectively. Additionally, it improves the voltage profile by 3.48% of the power distribution system.