What predicts homonegativity in Southeast Asian countries? Evidence from the World Values Survey

Negative attitudes towards lesbian women and gay men continue to exist in Southeast Asian countries. This study identified predictors of homonegativity that are generally consistent across the countries in the region. Using data from the seventh round of World Values Survey, we obtained parsimonious country-level logistic regression models for six of the 11 Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia (n = 3,200), Malaysia (n = 1,313), Myanmar (n = 1,200), the Philippines (n = 1,200), Thailand (n = 1,500), and Vietnam (n = 1,200). Results suggest that four values and one demographic variable are consistent predictors of homonegativity in Southeast Asia. Endorsements of equality, choice, and agnosticism were found to be consistent predictors of lower levels of homonegative attitudes, while the opposite was observed for endorsement of relativism and older people. That there are some consistent cultural predictors of lower levels of homonegativity may suggest a common emancipative logic in Southeast Asia. On the whole, however, the findings suggest that there may be no uniform (Southeast) Asian values system that constitutes sexual prejudice. This foregrounds the need for more contextually-sensitive and culturally-informed models of homonegativity to understand why negative attitudes persist in some countries but not in others, and to also guide the crafting of interventions that are more relevant to each country.