Quantum multicast, multi-output protocols of quantum state sharing and quantum operation sharing via six-particle cluster state

By using the six-particle maximally entangled cluster state as a quantum channel, three new theoretical protocols are put forward to synchronously transmit different quantum information from one transmitter to multiple receivers. The first protocol is a three-party quantum multicast protocol, which realizes the synchronous transmission of two different known states of arbitrary single-particle to two receivers with a 100% success probability. The other two protocols are the five-party protocol of multi-output quantum state sharing and five-party protocol of multi-output quantum operation sharing, respectively. In each protocol, four receivers are evenly divided into two groups, both groups are allowed to definitively and synchronously share different single-particle unknown states or different partially unknown single-particle Quantum operations, respectively. In addition, the above three protocols can not only be modified respectively into quantum broadcast protocol, multi-output controlled teleportation protocol and multi-output controlled quantum remote control protocol, but also can be extended to the situation of six-particle non-maximally entangled channel.