Fecal Microbiota Transfer for Clostridium difficile Infection and Its Effects on Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection

Importance Recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) poses a significant management challenge, and fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) has been shown in a limited manner to positively effect rUTI. Objectives The objective of this study was to compare UTI rates after FMT for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients with previously diagnosed rUTI and patients without a previous diagnosis of rUTI. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of female patients who underwent FMT between 2015 and 2020 and were identified from a database at a tertiary care referral center. The electronic medical record was queried for demographic and UTI characteristics in the 3 years before and 5 years after FMT, which were compared between patients with or without a preexisting history of rUTI. Results One hundred thirty-five patients were included, 17 of whom had a preexisting history of rUTI. The median number of culture-proven UTIs was 1 in the rUTI group versus 0 in the non-rUTI group both in the 1 year (P = 0.003) and 3 years (P < 0.001) before FMT. Most UTIs before and after FMT were Escherichia coli UTIs (53.8%) and carried some antibiotic resistance (54.6%). Comparatively, in the year after FMT, there were no differences between groups in UTI frequency or antibiotic administration (0 [0-1] vs 0.5 [0-1], P = 0.28). A trend toward decreased frequency of UTI in the 1 year after FMT was seen in the rUTI group. On survival analysis, there was a nonsignificant decrease in the 3-year UTI-free rate for the rUTI group compared with the non-rUTI group (76.5% vs 90.1%, P = 0.07). Conclusions Patients with recurrent UTI undergoing FMT for recurrent CDI experienced a trend toward a decrease in frequency of UTI after FMT.