The Effect of Different Sources of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on the Expression of IL-1β and TNFα Genes and Blood Factors in Sangesari Lambs Vaccinated against Foot and Mouth Disease

We studied the effect of palmitic acid sources or n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet on the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and the risk of ketosis in lambs received vaccination for foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus. We used 15 Sangsari male lambs with an aged 6 +/- 1 month and an average weight of 42 +/- 1 kg allocated randomly to three treatments: (1) PalOil group receiving a diet of calcium soap of palm oil fatty acid (FA) to receive palmitic acid (16:0), (2) SunOil group receiving a diet containing calcium soap of sunflower oil FAs to receive linoleic acid (n-6 18:2) and (3) LinOil group receiving a diet containing calcium soap of linseed oil FA to receive alpha-linolenic acid (n-3 18:3). The lambs received the iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet for 28 days: an adaptation period of 21 days and a sampling period of 7 days. The lambs were separately housed and could drink water. The interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) mRNA expression was lower in the LinOil groups than in the PalOil and SunOil groups (P< 0.05). Also, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) mRNA expression showed an increase in the PalOil group than in the SunOil and LinOil groups, and the lowest expression of TNF alpha mRNA was found in the LinOil group (P < 0.05). Higher glucose blood level (P < 0.05) was measured in the PalOil group than in lambs on SunOil and LinOil diets. No significant differences were observed between treatments in BHBA and cortisol blood levels (P > 0.05). Feeding an alpha-linolenic acid diet to lambs after vaccination against FMD improved glucose uptake, decreased the risk of ketosis, and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha and IL-1).