Costimulatory molecule-related lncRNA model as a potential prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer

Objective Costimulatory molecules have been demonstrated to exert essential roles in multiple cancers. However, their role in lung cancer remains elusive. Here, we sought to identify costimulatory molecule-related lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and establish a prognostic signature to predict the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Methods A total of 535 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 502 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database were recruited. A novel costimulatory molecule-based lncRNA prognostic model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm to predict the overall survival. The Homo_sapiens.GRCh38 data set was set as a reference file for probe annotation. Results A total of 593 costimulatory molecule-related lncRNAs were extracted. After analysis, six costimulatory molecule-related lncRNAs (AC084859.1, AC079949.2, HSPC324, LINC01150, LINC01150, and AC090617.5) were screened. A prognostic model based on the six lncRNAs was established using systematic bioinformatics analyses. The prognostic model had a prognostic value in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, a prognostic nomogram was established based on clinical parameters and a risk-score model. Patients with different risk scores had considerably different tumor-infiltrating immune cells, somatic mutational loading, clinical outcomes, signaling pathways, and immunotherapy efficacy. In addition, LINC01137 was associated with unfavorable disease outcomes and fueled tumor progression in NSCLC. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrated that a costimulatory molecule-related lncRNA model could be a potential prognostic biomarker in NSCLC. Moreover, LINC01137 could facilitate the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer.