Vortical effects in Dirac fluids with vector, chiral and helical charges

被引:7
作者
Ambrus, Victor E. [1 ]
Chernodub, M. N. [2 ]
机构
[1] West Univ Timisoara, Dept Phys, Bd Vasile Parvan 4, Timisoara 300223, Romania
[2] Univ Tours, Inst Denis Poisson, CNRS UMR 7013, F-37200 Tours, France
来源
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C | 2023年 / 83卷 / 02期
关键词
FINITE-TEMPERATURE; FIELD-THEORY; POLARIZATION; RESISTANCE; VISCOSITY;
D O I
10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11244-0
中图分类号
O412 [相对论、场论]; O572.2 [粒子物理学];
学科分类号
摘要
Helicity of free massless Dirac fermions is a conserved, Lorentz-invariant quantity at the level of the classical equations of motion. For a generic ensemble consisting of particles and antiparticles, the helical and chiral charges are different conserved quantities. The flow of helicity can be modelled by the helicity current, which is again conserved in the absence of interactions. Similar to the axial vortical effect which generates an axial (chiral) current, the helicity current is induced by vorticity in a finite temperature medium with vector (electrical) charge imbalance via the helical vortical effects, leading to new nondissipative transport phenomena. These phenomena lead to the appearance of a new hydrodynamic excitation, the helical vortical wave. Our results suggest the existence of a new type of triangle anomalies in QED which involve the helicity currents in addition to the standard vector and axial currents. Further exploiting the conservation of the helical current, we show that a finite helical chemical potential may be used to characterise thermodynamic ensembles of fermions similarly to, but independently of, the vector charge and chirality. We derive the pressure P for fermions at finite vector, axial and helical chemical potentials and show that the quantities arising in anomalous transport, including various vortical and circular conductivities and the shear-stress coefficients, can be obtained by differentiation of P with respect to the appropriate chemical potentials. Finally, we calculate the helicity relaxation time in the quark-gluon plasma above the crossover and show that it is similar to that for the axial charge.
引用
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页数:24
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