Measuring the dynamic airline energy efficiency with non-homogeneous structures

Non-homogeneous structures are ubiquitous in airline operations and it is a very important issue to estimate the energy efficiencies of the non-homogeneous airlines. In this paper, we consider three non-homogeneous struc-tures: non-homogeneous outputs structure, non-homogeneous inputs structure and non-homogeneous inputs & non-homogeneous outputs structure, and build a new method to measure the dynamic energy efficiencies of airlines with these three structures. Then we construct a dynamic DEA model to conduct an empirical study on 25 airlines during 2012-2019, and compare the results with those of traditional method to verify the improvement effect and reasonable feasibility of the proposed method.