Nutrition knowledge, food security, and other risk factors in a sample of college students in Jordan: A cross-sectional design

This cross-sectional research assessed nutrition knowledge in a sample of college students in Amman, Jordan and its association with food security and other risk factors. An Arabic Nutrition Knowledge Index (ANKI) was developed and validated in 122 college students (pilot study). In the replication study, the demographics scale, validated ANKI, and Arabic Individual Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) were administered to 470 students. The ANKI was reliable (C alpha = 0.82) and stable over time (ICC = 0.82, P < 0.001; paired t-test P = 0.57). Mean ANKI score was good for the pilot study (19.52+/-0.48) and replication study (19.68 +/- 0.22). In the replication study, mean ANKI score was significantly larger among food secure (20.07 +/- 0.23) than among moderately (18.28 +/- 0.63) and severely food insecure students (14.22 +/- 0.70) (F = 11.87, P = 0.000). Thus, measuring nutrition knowledge using the ANKI would provide baseline data for researchers and policy-makers to develop dietary guidelines for Jordanians. Finally, interventions are needed to raise nutrition awareness among college students, to maintain a healthy lifestyle.