Role of Cr-doped NiO in reduction under a low concentration of H2 and CO

Nickel-chromium alloys are often utilized in high-resistance and heating metamaterials because of their passivity; however, their reducibility behavior has never been reported. Herein, Ni-Cr reduction has been conducted in H-2 and CO atmospheres. Nickel oxide (NiO) catalysts were impregnated with chromium and subsequently subjected to temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) at low concentrations of CO and H-2 to determine their reduction performance. The TPR profile fitting using a Gaussian function indicated the Cr-NiO reduction transformation of Cr6+-> Cr3+ at temperatures below similar to 300 degrees C for both reductant gasses. Furthermore, the addition of Cr shifted the reduction peaks to a lower temperature owing to the interaction of Cr and Ni atoms, leading to increased reducibility. The characterizations of the Cr-NiO catalyst using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses demonstrated the formation of NiCrxOy alloy with increasing surface area and porosity. The kinetic analysis using the Kissinger method demonstrated the reducibility of the catalysts with a low Ea value after the addition of Cr, where an Ea value of 68.0 kJ mol(-1) (NiO) decreased to 49.3 kJ mol(-1) (Cr-NiO) in the H-2 atmosphere and an Ea value of 95.8 kJ mol(-1) (NiO) decreased to 91.9 kJ mol(-1) (Cr-NiO) in the CO atmosphere. The synergistic effects between Cr and Ni contributed to the increase in catalyst active sites by the transformation of the nickel oxidation state, which demonstrated the formation of oxygen vacancies and alloys, as proven via XPS analysis.