Preparations of PTCDI derivatives with high capacity and long life and their applications for aqueous ammonium-ion batteries

Aqueous ammonium-ion batteries exhibit great potential for massive energy storage, and it is a significant task to explore cathode materials with exceptional cycling stability. 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) has garnered particular attention in aqueous ammonium-ion energy storage. A polymer comprising urea and perylene diimide was synthesized using 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and urea as raw materials, resulting in an impressive capacity of 80 mAhg-1. Furthermore, a positive electrode material named Fe [Fe (CN)6] (BG) was synthesized and employed. When the urea-perylene diimide polymer (UP) and BG were integrated, the resulting full battery achieved a remarkable capacity ratio of 90 mAhg-1 and demonstrated exceptional stability with a 99% capacity retention rate after 2000 cycles while also exhibiting superior rate performance. This research provides a novel direction and impetus for the progress of aqueous ammonium-ion battery technology using polymer-based polyimide materials.