ARPES study of heavy fermion systems

Heavy-fermion compounds are an archetype of strongly correlated electron systems, playing an essential role in studying unconventional superconductivity, quantum criticality, and strongly correlated physics. In heavy-fermion compounds, f electrons form local moments at high temperatures, while their hybridization with conduction electrons forms bands with heavy masses near the Fermi energy at low temperatures, thereby significantly affecting their physical properties. In this review, we summarize the application of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in the study of heavy-fermion systems, including the characteristics of their localization/itinerancy, the nature of the f electrons, crystal electric field splittings, the influence of f-electron filling on their hybridization and the ground state property, band-dependent hybridization between f and conduction electrons, and the Mott physics related to f electrons.