Relationship between bisphenol A and the cardiovascular disease metabolic risk factors in American adults: A population-based study

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in personal care and consumer products. However, no study has reported a specific relationship between BPA concentrations and metabolic hazardous elements for cardiovas-cular diseases (CVDs). Consequently, in this study, we used six years of population-based NHANES data (2011-2016) to analyse the association between BPA concentrations and metabolic risk factors for CVDs. Methods: A total of 1467 participants were enrolled in our project. The participants in the study were divided into quartiles based on BPA levels (Q1: <= 0.6 ng/ml, Q2: 0.7-1.2 ng/ml, Q3: 1.3-2.3 ng/ml, Q4: >= 2.4 ng/ml). This study used multiple linear and multivariate logistic regression models to determine the association among BPA concentrations and CVD metabolic risk factors. Results: When the concentration of BPA was in Q3, fasting glucose concentrations were decreased by 3.87 mg/dl, and 2-h glucose concentrations were decreased by 16.24 mg/dl. When the concentration of BPA was in Q4, fasting glucose concentrations were decreased by 12.15 mg/dl, and diastolic blood pressure was increased by 2.08 mmHg. At the same time, compared to participants in the first quartile (Q1), those from the fourth quartile (Q4) of BPA concentrations had 21% higher odds of hypertension, 30% higher odds of obesity, 30.2% higher odds of central obesity, 4.5% higher odds of elevated HbA1c, 17% higher odds of elevated non-HDL cholesterol, and 60.8% higher odds of diabetes (compared to the lowest quartile, Q1). Conclusions: We found that higher concentrations of BPA were linked with a higher metabolic risk for CVDs. Further regulation of BPA may need to be considered for the prevention of CVDs in adults.