A Narrative Review of Current Knowledge on Cutaneous Melanoma

被引:8
作者
Caraban, Bogdan Marian [1 ,2 ]
Aschie, Mariana [2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ]
Deacu, Mariana [2 ,3 ]
Cozaru, Georgeta Camelia [6 ,7 ]
Pundiche, Mihaela Butcaru [2 ,8 ]
Orasanu, Cristian Ionut [2 ,3 ,6 ]
Voda, Raluca Ioana [2 ,3 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Sf Apostol Andrei Emergency Cty Hosp, Clin Dept Plast Surg Microsurg Reconstruct, Constanta 900591, Romania
[2] Ovidius Univ Constanta, Fac Med, Constanta 900470, Romania
[3] Sf Apostol Andrei Emergency Cty Hosp, Dept Pathol, Clin Serv Pathol, Constanta 900591, Romania
[4] Acad Med Sci Romania, Bucharest 030171, Romania
[5] Romanian Acad Scientists, Bucharest 030167, Romania
[6] Ovidius Univ Constanta, Ctr Res & Dev, Morphol & Genet Studies Malignant Pathol CEDMOG, Constanta 900591, Romania
[7] Sf Apostol Andrei Emergency Cty Hosp, Dept Genet, Clin Serv Pathol, Constanta 900591, Romania
[8] Sf Apostol Andrei Emergency Cty Hosp, Clin Dept Gen Surg, Constanta 900591, Romania
关键词
clinical trials; cutaneous melanoma; epidemiology; immune checkpoint inhibitors; risk factors; targeted therapy; IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS; METASTATIC MELANOMA; SKIN-CANCER; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; MELANOCYTIC NEVI; RISK-FACTORS; DIAGNOSIS; INTERFERON; MANAGEMENT; PEMBROLIZUMAB;
D O I
10.3390/clinpract14010018
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Cutaneous melanoma is a public health problem. Efforts to reduce its incidence have failed, as it continues to increase. In recent years, many risk factors have been identified. Numerous diagnostic systems exist that greatly assist in early clinical diagnosis. The histopathological aspect illustrates the grim nature of these cancers. Currently, pathogenic pathways and the tumor microclimate are key to the development of therapeutic methods. Revolutionary therapies like targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are starting to replace traditional therapeutic methods. Targeted therapy aims at a specific molecule in the pathogenic chain to block it, stopping cell growth and dissemination. The main function of immune checkpoint inhibitors is to boost cellular immunity in order to combat cancer cells. Unfortunately, these therapies have different rates of effectiveness and side effects, and cannot be applied to all patients. These shortcomings are the basis of increased incidence and mortality rates. This study covers all stages of the evolutionary sequence of melanoma. With all these data in front of us, we see the need for new research efforts directed at therapies that will bring greater benefits in terms of patient survival and prognosis, with fewer adverse effects.
引用
收藏
页码:214 / 241
页数:28
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