Insight into two-dimensional black phosphorus: An emerging energy storage material

Two-dimensional black phosphorus (TDBP) is desirable for electrical devices due to its adjustable direct band gap (0.3 to 2.0 eV), high mobility of carriers (similar to 1000 cm(2) V-1 s(-1)), and the mild on/off ratio (10(5)) in devices. Developing techniques for electrochemical energy storage, especially Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors, has been substantially accelerated by the invention of TDBP. As the electrode material, TDBP distinguishes out as a shining star due to its distinct high capacity. Here, considering the most current research advancements on TDBP in energy storage, BP's fundamental construction properties and the preparation techniques of TDBP are discussed. The utilization of TDBP in energy transformation and storage apparatus such as batteries and supercapacitors is demonstrated. However, some pressing issues still need to be resolved using TDBP, including synthesizing the finest phosphorene in wide-ranging volume growth and inadequate environmental stability. Environmental instability and passivation methods of TDBP are also discussed.