Human Stem Cells for Ophthalmology: Recent Advances in Diagnostic Image Analysis and Computational Modelling

Purpose of ReviewTo explore the advances and future research directions in image analysis and computational modelling of human stem cells (hSCs) for ophthalmological applications.Recent FindingshSCs hold great potential in ocular regenerative medicine due to their application in cell-based therapies and in disease modelling and drug discovery using state-of-the-art 2D and 3D organoid models. However, a deeper characterisation of their complex, multi-scale properties is required to optimise their translation to clinical practice. Image analysis combined with computational modelling is a powerful tool to explore mechanisms of hSC behaviour and aid clinical diagnosis and therapy.SummaryMany computational models draw on a variety of techniques, often blending continuum and discrete approaches, and have been used to describe cell differentiation and self-organisation. Machine learning tools are having a significant impact in model development and improving image classification processes for clinical diagnosis and treatment and will be the focus of much future research.