Novel use of chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine assisted photodynamic therapy helps in periimplant healing among smoking patients

Aims: To evaluate the clinical and biochemical peri-implant parameters using chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine-(CAP) mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to non-surgical mechanical debride-ment (NSD) in cigarette smokers (CS) and never-smokers (NS) with peri-implantitis.Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients with peri-implantitis [Group CS -16 and Group NS - 16] were recruited for the trial. The study participants underwent two therapies: PDT + NSD and NSD alone. The clinical peri-implant parameters assessed in this clinical trial were bleeding on probing (BP), crestal bone loss (CBL) peri-implant pocket depth (PD), and peri-implant plaque scores (PS), respectively. Peri-implant crevicular fluid was sampled and the quantification of interleukin (IL)-113 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was per-formed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: BP was significantly reduced at 6 months after PDT+NSD in CS groups. Mean PD significantly reduced after both PDT+NSD and NSD subgroups within both NS and CS groups. Only at 6 months did PDT+NSD showed statistically significantly reduced IL-113 levels in the NS group. TNF-alpha levels significantly reduced in CS group with PDT+NSD and NSD alone at both 3 months and 6 months follow up.Conclusion: CAP-assisted PDT helped to improve the clinical and cytokine levels after non-surgical peri-implant mechanical debridement in treating peri-implantitis patients in smokers.