Whether macro-droplets generate or develop in depositing hard coatings by cathodic arc evaporation technique

The deposition of hard coatings of different materials on low-performance tools, intricate parts, and low-cost or less favorable materials is a topic of great worth. This study discusses the deposition of titanium nitride coatings on high-speed steel discs by employing the cathodic arc evaporation technique. Before the deposition of titanium nitride coating, a titanium layer is deposited on the substrate to enhance adhesion between the substrate and coating. In one experiment, the titanium nitride coating deposits without the titanium interlayer. When there is no deposition of the titanium interlayer at the start of the process, the developing different-sized droplets or particles are lower. When there is a deposition of the titanium interlayer first for 8 and 16 min, there are also droplets. In the published literature, the investigated hard coatings suggest generating different-sized droplets. However, such concepts cause hurdles in coating technology advances and reducing droplets. The study has a pronounced effect on scientific and industrial research in different areas. The study aims to investigate whether the droplets develop or they generate. From the application of some well-known characterization techniques, the discussed results confirm the development of droplets in the deposited hard coating rather than the generating.