Advanced biopolymers for automobile and aviation engineering applications

Various petroleum-based polymers are being widely used in the automobile and aviation industries. However, the scarcity of petroleum-based polymers, their lack of biodegradability, and stringent environmental regulations lead researchers to look for green biopolymers/biocomposites as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers. Biopolymers have potential applications in various exterior and interior parts of an automobile, including steering, doors, wheels, electrical components, engine parts, exhaust systems, and so on. Almost all automakers are currently focusing on developing novel biopolymers, and they have successfully used bio-based materials in their newer version of automobiles, eventually replacing petroleum-based polymers. However, biopolymer uses in the aviation industry are not yet widespread because of stricter property requirements. Some advanced biopolymers are applied in interior aircraft panels, waste and drainage systems, engine components, cockpits, portholes, windshields, aircraft tires and inner tubes, exterior lighting, and helicopter windscreens. These materials are expected to substitute traditional plastics with the help of modifying agents, cutting-edge manufacturing technology, and a reliable supply chain of biopolymers. This review discusses the current practices, recent advances, and prospects of biopolymers in automotive and aviation engineering applications.