Optimization of Reservoir Level Scheduling Based on InSAR-LSTM Deformation Prediction Model for Rockfill Dams

The Xiaolangdi reservoir has a storage capacity of more than 10 billion cubic meters, and the dam has significant seasonal deformation. Predicting the deformation of the dam during different periods is important for the safe operation of the dam. In this study, a long short-term memory (LSTM) model based on interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation data is introduced to predict dam deformation. First, a time series deformation model of the Xiaolangdi Dam for 2017-2023 was established using Sentinel-1A data with small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR), and a cumulative deformation accuracy of 95% was compared with the on-site measurement data at the typical point P. The correlation between reservoir level and dam deformation was found to be 0.81. Then, a model of reservoir level and dam deformation predicted by neural LSTM was established. The overall deformation error of the dam was predicted to be within 10 percent. Finally, we used the optimized reservoir level to simulate the deformation at the measured point P of the dam, which was reduced by about 36% compared to the real deformation. The results showed that the combination of InSAR and LSTM could predict dam failure and prevent potential failure risks by adjusting the reservoir levels.