A reliable electrochemical aptasensor for trace level detection of Rivaroxaban in biological fluids using arginine decorated KAUST catalysis center-1: A new platform towards efficient monitoring of cardiovascular diseases using biosensor technology

An innovative label-free electrochemical aptasensor has been developed for the precise screening of rivaroxaban (RIV) in human blood plasma (HBP) samples. For the first time, arginine decorated KAUST Catalysis Center-1 (KCC-1-nPr-NH-Arg) was utilized for the entrapment of aptamer towards specific identification of RIV in human real samples. The developed biosensor incorporates a gold electrode decorated with Poly (beta-Cyclodextrin)-modified dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) to provide a suitable substrate for efficient immobilizing (dense loading) a large number of aptamer sequences (5 ' NH2-TAG GGA AGA GAA GGA CAT ATG ATG ACT CAC AAC TGG ACG AAC GTA CTT ATC CCC CCC AAT CAC TAG TGA ATT-3 '). Using DFNS conjugated aptamer, RIV was measured with limit of quantification of 10 nM by various electrochemical techniques including square wave voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The combination of DFNS with a high surface-to-volume ratio, P (beta-CD) as a conductive scaffold, and a selectively designed aptamer resulted in a highly sensitive and selective biosensor for the analysis of RIV in HBP. This approach presents a promising potential for the utilization of cutting-edge nanomaterials in biomedical and pharmaceutical sensing applications.