Experimental and Parametric Study on Rotational Performance of Through-Tenon Joints in Traditional Timber Structures

The rotational capacity of mortise-tenon joints is crucial for stability in traditional timber structures. However, these joints are influenced by various factors such as environmental conditions and internal features, impacting their rotational performance over time. To assess these influences, four groups of through-tenon joints with different small and large tenon lengths were constructed and tested. Deformation characteristics, hysteresis, bearing capacity, stiffness, and energy consumption of the joints were investigated. Finite element models were created and verified through testing. An orthogonal design scheme analyzed the effects of parameters and their interactions on rotational performance. The results indicated that increasing the length of the smaller tenon improved tenon pull-out length and ductility, while simultaneously reducing bearing capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation. Tenon dimensions and the ratio of small tenon length to total tenon length were found to significantly impact peak moment. Critical parameters affecting rotational performance included tenon length, elastic modulus perpendicular to the grain, and the gap between the tenon and mortise.