Decoding Cancer Evolution: Integrating Genetic and Non-Genetic Insights

被引:4
作者
Ashouri, Arghavan [1 ]
Zhang, Chufan [2 ]
Gaiti, Federico [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Hlth Network, Princess Margaret Canc Ctr, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
[2] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
基金
加拿大健康研究院; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
cancer evolution; genetic alterations; epigenetics; tumour heterogeneity; clonal expansions; multicellularity; single cell; phenotype; plasticity; tumour microenvironment; CLONAL EVOLUTION; BREAST-CANCER; INTRATUMOR HETEROGENEITY; TUMOR EVOLUTION; SOMATIC MUTATION; LUNG-CANCER; CELLS; METHYLATION; MODEL; MULTICELLULARITY;
D O I
10.3390/genes14101856
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
The development of cancer begins with cells transitioning from their multicellular nature to a state akin to unicellular organisms. This shift leads to a breakdown in the crucial regulators inherent to multicellularity, resulting in the emergence of diverse cancer cell subpopulations that have enhanced adaptability. The presence of different cell subpopulations within a tumour, known as intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH), poses challenges for cancer treatment. In this review, we delve into the dynamics of the shift from multicellularity to unicellularity during cancer onset and progression. We highlight the role of genetic and non-genetic factors, as well as tumour microenvironment, in promoting ITH and cancer evolution. Additionally, we shed light on the latest advancements in omics technologies that allow for in-depth analysis of tumours at the single-cell level and their spatial organization within the tissue. Obtaining such detailed information is crucial for deepening our understanding of the diverse evolutionary paths of cancer, allowing for the development of effective therapies targeting the key drivers of cancer evolution.
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收藏
页数:17
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