Collective dynamics of polarized spin-half fermions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

被引：2

作者：

Singh, Rajeev ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

机构：

[1] SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Nucl Theory, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[2] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland

[3] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA

来源：

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A | 2023年 / 38卷 / 20期

关键词：

Relativistic heavy-ion collisions; relativistic hydrodynamics; spin hydrodynamics; spin polarization; kinetic theory; Wigner function; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; DEPENDENT AZIMUTHAL CORRELATIONS; LAMBDA HYPERON POLARIZATION; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUANTUM TRANSPORT-THEORY; NET-BARYON DENSITY; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; CONFORMAL TRANSFORMATIONS; GLOBAL POLARIZATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS;

D O I：

10.1142/S0217751X23300119

中图分类号：

O57 [原子核物理学、高能物理学];

学科分类号：

070202 ;

摘要：

Standard relativistic hydrodynamics has been successful in describing the properties of the strongly interacting matter produced in the heavy-ion collision experiments. Recently, there has been a significant theoretical advancement in this field to explain spin polarization of hadrons emitted in these processes. Although current models have successfully explained some of the experimental data based on the coupling between spin polarization and vorticity of the medium, they still lack a clear understanding of the differential measurements. This is commonly interpreted as an indication that the spin needs to be treated as an independent degree of freedom whose dynamics is not entirely bound to flow circulation. In particular, if the spin is a macroscopic property of the system, in equilibrium its dynamics should follow hydrodynamic laws. Here, we develop a framework of relativistic hydrodynamics which includes spin degrees of freedom from the quantum kinetic theory for Dirac fermions and use it for modeling the dynamics of matter. Following experimental observations, we assume that the polarization effects are small and derive conservation laws for the net baryon current, the energy-momentum tensor and the spin tensor based on the de Groot-van Leeuwen-van Weert definitions of these currents. We present various properties of the spin polarization tensor and its components, analyze the propagation properties of the spin polarization components, and derive the spin-wave velocity for arbitrary statistics. We find that only the transverse spin components propagate, analogously to the electromagnetic waves. Finally, using our framework, we study the space-time evolution of the spin polarization for the systems respecting certain space-time symmetries and calculate the mean spin polarization per particle, which can be compared to the experimental data. We find that, for some observables, our spin polarization results agree qualitatively with the experimental findings and other model calculations.

引用

页数：109

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