Molecular mechanism of XB130 adaptor protein mediates trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer

Background Recent studies have shown that the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is an essential molecular mechanism participating in trastuzumab resistance in HER2 + GC (gastric cancer). However, how can we effectively inhibit AKT activity associated with drug resistance during trastuzumab treatment? Screening inhibitors against the upstream receptors of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway or interacting proteins of members has become an important way. Methods In this study, western blot, qRT-PCR, CCK8, Co-IP and other techniques were used to explore possible mechanisms participating in trastuzumab resistance in vitro. Besides, the xenograft mouse model and GC tissue samples from patients were used to further validate the in-vitro results. Results The expression of XB130 adaptor protein was remarkably increased in GC cell lines resistant to trastuzumab, and knockdown of XB130 could reverse the resistance via downregulating p-AKT. In addition, p-SRC (Tyr416) was increased in resistant cells, which could facilitate the binding of XB130 to PI3K p85 alpha. It was also discovered that XB130 could negatively regulate PTEN gene transcription, and thus a positive feedback loop was formed between SRC-XB130-PTEN. Conclusions In HER2 + GC, XB130 contributes to trastuzumab resistance by stimulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through binding to PI3K p85 alpha under the mediation of SRC kinase and regulating PTEN gene transcription, and in turn forming a positive feedback loop between SRC-XB130-PTEN.