Structure and variations of global planetary boundary layer top from 2008-2022 multiple GNSS RO observations

The structural changes at the planetary boundary layer (PBL) top are very complex and closely related to climate and environmental changes. With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS RO), it provides a good opportunity to estimate and study PBL variations. In this paper, long-term variations and structures of planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) from 2008 to 2022 are investigated by the Wavelet Covariance Transform (WCT) method based on refractivity profiles from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) and Korea Multi-purpose Satellite-5 (KOMPSAT-5). Furthermore, the temperature and pressure of PBL top are detected using the temperature and pressure profiles from COSMIC and KOMPSAT-5 occultation data. The results demonstrate the latitudinal distribution of the PBL top height, temperature, and pressure, with the more apparent temperature's latitudinal characteristics. The pressure is more strongly correlated with PBL height than temperature. The PBL height in most land and oceans is high in summer and low in winter, and the PBL pressure is low in summer and high in winter, according to seasonal variation characteristics. The global PBL temperature is high in summer and low in winter, which is more obvious in high latitude region. A positive correlation between latitude and the magnitude of seasonal variation in PBL temperature is observed worldwide. Seasonal variation is less pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) due to sea-land differences. The annual average value of the global PBL height, temperature, and pressure do not change significantly over the long term, and also there is no a discernible upward or downward trend.