Artificial intelligence aided diagnosis of pulmonary nodules segmentation and feature extraction

AIM: To develop a high-accuracy low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung nodule diagnosis system by combining artificial intelligence (AI) technology with the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS), which can be used in the future AI-aided diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised the following steps: (1) the best deep -learning segmentation method for pulmonary nodules was compared and selected objectively; (2) the Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI) was used for feature extraction and to determine the best feature reduction method; and (3) a principal component analysis (PCA) and three machine learning methods were used to analyse the extracted features, and the best method was determined. The Lung Nodule Analysis 16 dataset was applied to train and test the established system in this study. RESULTS: The competition performance metric (CPM) score of the nodule segmentation reached 0.83, the accuracy of nodule classification was 92%, the kappa coefficient with the ground truth was 0.68, and the overall diagnostic accuracy (calculated by the nodules) was 0.75.CONCLUSION: This paper summarises a more efficient AI-assisted diagnosis process of pulmonary nodules, and has better performance compared with the previous literature. In addition, this method will be validated in a future external clinical study.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal College of Radiologists.