Quantitative Estimation of Secondary Metabolite, In-vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Sickling & Anti- Inflammatory Activity by HRBC Membrane Stabilization of Ethanolic Extract of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell

In India, a wide variety of medicinal plants are reported. Since ancient times, these medicinal plants have been used by people for the treatment of various diseases. The focus of this study is to quantitatively analyze the total phenol, tannin, flavonoid, and alkaloid content, as well as evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity through HRBC membrane stabilization of the ethanolic extract obtained from Bacopa monnieri [BM]. The plant's antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, while its anti-sickling activity was evaluated using the enamel test and the reversibility method. Total phenolic content (TPC) was recorded at 108.76 +/- 2.69 mu g per mg of gallic acid equivalent. Total tannin content was recorded at 13.49 +/- 0.42 mu g per mg of gallic acid equivalent. Total flavonoid content was recorded at 191.52 +/- 3.90 mu g per mg of quercetin equivalent. Bacopa monnieri scavenged 91.24 +/- 2.63 % of the DPPH at 75 mu g/ml of plant extract. At the same concentrations, the standard drug scavenged 59.14 +/- 2.78 % of DPPH. IC50 of plant extract is recorded at 19.23 mu g/ml, whereas IC50 of ascorbic acid is recorded at 51.88 mu g/ml. The anti-inflammatory activity of plant extract is also dependent on the concentrations. It reduces hemolysis up to 41.5 +/- 0.56 % of hemolysis at maximum concentrations, i.e. 2000 mu g/ml. At the same concentrations, diclofenac sodium inhibits hemolysis up to 54.55 +/- 1.08 %. The reversal rate of the sickle is 81.37 +/- 1.25 % with 10mg/ml of Bacopa monnieri extract, while at the same concentrations, standard drug phenylalanine reversed 85.71 +/- 1.10 % of sickle cells. The present research shows Bacopa monnieri ethanolic extract has significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-sickling activity.