Solving NP-Complete Akari games with deep learning

被引:0
作者
Sbrana, Attilio [1 ]
Bizarro Mirisola, Luiz Gustavo [1 ]
Soma, Nei Yoshihiro [1 ]
Lima de Castro, Paulo Andre [1 ]
机构
[1] Aeronaut Inst Technol ITA, Dept Comp Sci, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
基金
巴西圣保罗研究基金会;
关键词
Deep learning; Puzzle solving; NP-completeness; ALGORITHM;
D O I
10.1016/j.entcom.2023.100580
中图分类号
TP3 [计算技术、计算机技术];
学科分类号
0812 ;
摘要
This work proposes a deep learning-based agent that solves 10 x 10 board size puzzle games of the NPComplete Akari genre, while learning tabula rasa, that is, never exposed to any rules of the game. A six-model ensemble is trained to form a single solution policy. Lamp placements are chosen sequentially until the final resolution or failure. For the training and testing of the agent, over 3 million games were randomly produced with at least one known solution. The proposed agent solves 98.1% of Akari games that were never shown to it during training, revealing that the agent can learn implicit rules in NP-complete games. These approaches and training procedures proposed can guide future research on tabula rasa neural network agents for solving games or NP-Complete problems.
引用
收藏
页数:8
相关论文
共 21 条
[1]  
Ashby Leif H., 2011, Proceedings of the 2011 16th International Conference on Computer Games: AI, Animation, Mobile, Interactive Multimedia, Educational & Serious Games (CGAMES 2011), P27, DOI 10.1109/CGAMES.2011.6000341
[2]   A simple and rapid Lights-up solver [J].
Chiu, Shil-Yuan ;
Yen, Shi-Jim ;
Chou, Cheng-Wei ;
Yang, Tai-Ning .
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (TAAI 2010), 2010, :440-443
[3]   The fewest clues problem [J].
Demaine, Erik D. ;
Ma, Fermi ;
Schvartzman, Ariel ;
Waingarten, Erik ;
Aaronson, Scott .
THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, 2018, 748 :28-39
[4]  
Fagerburg N., 2014, IT IS EASY LIGHT PRA
[5]   Combining Hopfield neural networks, with applications to grid-based mathematics puzzles [J].
Fitzsimmons, M. ;
Kunze, H. .
NEURAL NETWORKS, 2019, 118 :81-89
[6]   What size test set gives good error rate estimates? [J].
Guyon, I ;
Makhoul, J ;
Schwartz, R ;
Vapnik, V .
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, 1998, 20 (01) :52-64
[7]  
King DB, 2015, ACS SYM SER, V1214, P1, DOI 10.1021/bk-2015-1214.ch001
[8]  
Liu H., 2019, P ICLR
[9]  
Costa DM, 2018, Arxiv, DOI [arXiv:1807.04724, 10.48550/arxiv.1807.04724]
[10]  
McPhail B.P., 2005, Light Up is NP-complete