Nanocomposites of cellulose nanofibers incorporated with carvacrol via stabilizing octenyl succinic anhydride-modified e-polylysine

Food packaging plays an extremely important role in the global food chain, allowing for products to be shipped across long distances without spoiling. However, there is an increased need to both reduce plastic waste caused by traditional single-use plastic packaging and improve the overall functionality of packaging materials to extend shelf-life even further. Herein, we investigate composite mixtures based on cellulose nanofibers and carvacrol via stabilizing octenyl-succinic anhydride-modified epsilon polylysine (MePL-CNF) for active food packaging applications. The effects of epsilon polylysine (ePL) concentration and modification with octenyl-succinic anhydride (OSA) and carvacrol are evaluated with respect to composites morphology, mechanical, optical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. We find that both increased ePL concentration and modification with OSA and carvacrol lead to films with increased antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, albeit at the expense of reduced mechanical performance. Importantly, when sprayed onto the surface of sliced apples, MePL-CNFmixtures are able to successfully delay/hinder enzymatic browning, suggesting the potential of such materials for a range of active food packaging applications.