Antibacterial and antioxidant screening applications of reduced-graphene oxide modified ternary SnO2-NiO-CuO nanocomposites

Generally, Graphene oxide (GO) was fabricated by modified Hummer's method and was thermally reduced whereas the tri-metallic nanocomposite was prepared by ex-situ hybridization. Both the synthesized SnO2-NiO-CuO (SNC) and rGO-SnO2-NiO-CuO (GO-SNC) were calcined at 450 degrees C for 2 h. The degree of crystallinity and the crystallite size were examined through Xray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and were found to increase with calcination temperature. The morphological changes were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface func-tional moieties were identified through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate samples against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). The antioxidant potential was analyzed against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radicals and the highest activity was found for the as-synthesized NC whereas a clear decrease was seen in both activities with after calcination at 450 degrees C. It was also observed that the antibac-terial and antioxidant activities increased with increasing sample dose in the reaction. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).