A Multi-Objective Approach Based on Differential Evolution and Deep Learning Algorithms for VANETs

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are becoming more prominent in our society (for example, in smart cities), although a number of challenges remain to be (fully) addressed (e.g., high vehicle mobility). In this paper, we propose a scheme that combines both a cluster algorithm and a Multi-Objective Task Distribution algorithm based on Differential Evolution (MOTD-DE), designed to ensure stability and reliability in vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) deployments. Specifically, we use Kubernetes container-base as the cluster algorithm to select various vehicles that fulfill the algorithm's conditions. Hence, this allows us to perform complex tasks on behalf of data owner vehicles. In our approach, the vehicles' information will be available on the master vehicle (data owner vehicle) when the vehicle joins the cluster, and a deep learning model is used to define the fit complexity of sub-tasks. The proposed MOTD-DE distributes sub-tasks between vehicle clusters to reduce the execution time and the resources (vehicles) used to perform a task. We also assume the sub-tasks to be independent. To evaluate our work, we propose scenarios with varying number of tasks, vehicles, CPU and memories values, and distances between cluster vehicles and data owner vehicle. A comparative summary of the evaluation findings between MOTD-DE and four other widely used approaches (i.e., Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant-Colony algorithm (ACO), and Artificial-Bee-Colony (ABC) algorithm) shows that MOTD-DE outperforms these competing approaches.