Insulinemic potential of diet and psychological disorders: A cross-sectional, population-based study

Background: Serum insulin levels and insulin sensitivity can impact mental disorders. This study investigates the association of the insulinemic potential of diet calculated using the empirical dietary indices for insulin resistance (EDIR) and hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) with psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 5405 individuals, aged 20-70, from the Yazd Health Study (YaHS). The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect dietary intakes. EDIR and EDIH were calculated from the FFQ data. Psychological disorders were assessed by an Iranian-validated version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale questionnaire 21 (DASS 21). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed and odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results: The mean & PLUSMN; SD of EDIR and EDIH were 0.32 & PLUSMN; 0.17 and 0.11 & PLUSMN; 0.08 in the total population, respectively. In the final adjusted model, participants in the highest versus the lowest quartile of EDIR had statistically higher odds of depression (OR: 1.28; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.62, P-trend = 0.032). However, no statistically significant association was observed between the EDIH score and depression. Also, EDIR and EDIH scores were not significantly associated with the odds of anxiety and stress. Limitations: The cross-sectional design of the study prevented the inference of causality. Conclusions: Higher adherence to EDIR was positively associated with depression, but there was no significant association between EDIH and depression. EDIR and EDIH were also not significantly related to anxiety or stress.