A Study of Spatio-Temporal Differentiation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Shaanxi Province's Traditional Heritage Villages

The spatial distribution of traditional villages is a key factor for rural revitalization and sustainable development. However, the rapid expansion of cities has resulted in the disappearance and decline of many traditional villages. Therefore, for the protection of traditional villages, it is necessary to analyze the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics and driving factors. In this study, a total of 500 traditional villages were selected in Shaanxi Province. With the support of spatial analysis tools such as ArcGIS and Geo-detector, the spatial differentiation and its driving factors were analyzed. It was found that traditional villages showed a three-core distribution mode, indicating a typical aggregation distribution of tendency. In Shaanxi, the directional evolution of traditional villages was characterized by a spatial and temporal trajectory toward the north, and then towards the south. In addition, traditional villages existed in areas with underdeveloped economies, far from the cities and close to water sources, with an elevation over 500 m and a slope less than 25 degrees. Traditional villages in Shaanxi Province are experiencing uneven spatio-temporal evolution due to regional cultural differences and uneven economic development in southern, central, and northern areas. It is possible to provide strategies for the development, protection, and utilization of traditional villages and promote the development of rural revitalization based on the traditional villages.