Exploring the low-mass regime of galaxy-scale strong lensing: Insights into the mass structure of cluster galaxies

被引：9

作者：

Granata, G. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bergamini, P. ^{[1
,3
]}

Grillo, C. ^{[1
,2
]}

Meneghetti, M. ^{[3
,4
]}

Mercurio, A. ^{[5
,6
]}

Mestric, U. ^{[1
,3
]}

Ragagnin, A. ^{[3
,7
]}

Rosati, P. ^{[3
,8
]}

Caminha, G. B. ^{[9
,10
]}

Tortorelli, L. ^{[11
]}

Vanzella, E. ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[2] INAF, IASF Milano, Via Corti 12, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[3] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis & Sci Spazio Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93-3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[4] INFN, Sez Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy

[5] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, Via Giovanni Paolo 2, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy

[6] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Capodimonte, Sal Moiariello 16, I-80131 Naples, Italy

[7] IFPU Inst Fundamental Phys Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34151 Trieste, Italy

[8] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy

[9] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, James Franck Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[10] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[11] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Univ Sternwarte, Fak Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2023年 / 679卷

关键词：

gravitational lensing: strong; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual: MACS J0416.1-2403; dark matter; cosmology: observations; HUBBLE-FRONTIER-FIELDS; MACS J0416.1-2403; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; ACS SURVEY; STELLAR; SAMPLE; CLASH; CORE; DECOMPOSITION; SIMULATIONS;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202347521

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Context. Several recent studies have highlighted a discrepancy between the strong lensing (SL) properties of observed cluster galaxies and the predictions of Lambda cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. This discrepancy can be interpreted as the result of observed cluster members being more compact than their simulated counterparts.Aims. In this work, we aim at a direct measurement of the compactness of a few selected galaxy-scale lenses in massive clusters, testing the accuracy of the scaling laws adopted to describe the members in SL models of galaxy clusters.Methods. We selected the multiply imaged sources MACS J0416.1-2403 ID14 (z = 3.221), MACS J0416.1-2403 ID16 (z = 2.095), and MACS J1206.2-0847 ID14 (z = 3.753). Eight multiple images were observed for the first SL system, and six for the latter two. We focused on the main deflector of each galaxy-scale SL system (identified as members 8971, 8785, and 3910, respectively), and modelled its total mass distribution with a truncated isothermal sphere. To account for the lensing effects of the remaining components of the cluster, we took the most accurate SL model of its mass distribution available. To include the uncertainty and the systematics affecting the cluster-scale mass models, we explored the posterior probability distribution of its parameters and extracted 100 cluster mass distributions. For each of them, we optimised the mass parameters of the galaxy-scale lens: the bootstrapping procedure allowed us to obtain a realistic estimate of the uncertainty on their values.Results. We measured a truncation radius value of 6.1(-1.1)(+2.3) kpc, 4.0(-0.4)(+0.6) kpc, and 5.2(-1.1)(+1.3) kpc for members 8971, 8785, and 3910, corresponding to total mass values of M = 1.2(-0.1)(+0.3) x 10(11) M-circle dot, M = 1.0(-0.1)(+0.2) x 10(10) M-circle dot, and M = 6.3(-1.1)(+1.0) x 10(10) M-circle dot, respectively. Alternative non-truncated models with a higher number of free parameters do not lead to an improved description of the SL system and show some parametric degeneracies. We measured the stellar-to-total mass fraction within the effective radius for the three cluster members, finding 0.51 +/- 0.21, 1.0 +/- 0.4, and 0.39 +/- 0.16, respectively.Conclusions. We find that a parameterisation of the physical properties of cluster galaxies in SL models based on power-law scaling relations with respect to the observed total luminosity cannot accurately describe the compactness of the members over their full total mass range. Our results, instead, agree with recent modelling of the cluster members based on the Fundamental Plane relation. Finally, we report good agreement between our predicted values of the stellar-to-total mass fraction within the effective radius and those of early-type galaxies from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey. Our work significantly extends the regimes of the current samples of lens galaxies, towards the mass range that will be probed by the Euclid, Rubin, and James Webb Telescopes.

引用

页数：15

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